This chapter focuses on basics of COMPUTER NETWORKING. This will help you to study higher levels of computer networking. OSI – open system interconnection ( This is the very basic of computer networking. OSI 7 layers in chronological order – physical layer data link layer network layer transport layer session layer presentation layer application layer …
Data structure is a collection of data elements. It is also called data type. It is a tool to solve problems. Used to represent entities and to implement entities operations. Elements in the data type is called values of the type. There are four basic/atomic/primitive data types – int, float, char, double. More data types …
I/O system organisation Two methods for identifying I/O device identification, they are 8 bit address and 16 bit address identification. 8 bit address is used in peripheral mapped I/O and 16 bit address is used in memory mapped I/O. In 8 bit address lines I/O read control signal is used for input devices and I/O …
Associated memory is content addressable memory (CAM), used to increase speed of memory access. Parallel access is possible in CAM, because of the locality of reference property of programs a large number of memory requests found in cache memory. Average time to reach a memory location of a memory and obtains its content is called …
Decoded instruction is stored in IR. The MAR (memory address register) is used to hold the address of the location to or from which data are to be transferred. MDR(memory data register) contains the data to be written into or read out of the addressed location. ISP stands for Instruction Set Processor. processor BUS is …