What is an optical fiber? what is an optical fiber ? Typically, fiber optics are long, thin strands of glass (SiO2) about the diameter of human hair; some can be made out of plastic. Long distance telecommunication systems always use glass because of its lower optical absorption during transmission to maintain the signal strength. When …
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Hartley oscillator is a type of LC oscillator which is widely used as a local oscillator in radio receivers. Hartley oscillator was invented in 1915 by the American engineer Ralph Hartley. Figure shows the circuit diagram of a Hartley oscillator. It consists of single stage inverting amplifier and L-C phase shift network. The phase shift …
Under the simplest conditions, a medium can carry only one signal at any moment in time. For multiple signals to share one medium, the medium must somehow be divided, giving each signal a portion of the total bandwidth. The current techniques that can accomplish this include frequency division multiplexing (FDM) time division multiplexing (TDM) Synchronous …
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Antennas are inductive.Microwave antennas are horn antenna, Parabolic antenna, slot antenna, dipole antenna, dielectric antenna, printed antenna, phase array antenna, Micro strip patch antenna, Plasma antenna, MIMO antenna. Horn antenna is the most widely used microwave antenna. As frequency increases gain of horn antenna also increases. Horn antenna is a fixed size antenna. Horn antenna …
Most of the link uses 4 and 6 GHz. Short term fading in microwave communication links can be overcome by diversity reception and transmission.Ionosphere propagation is not possible in micro wave communication because it penetrate through ionosphere. In microwave communication links, the rain drop attenuation experienced is mainly due to absorption of microwave energy by …